PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.